Android is a versatile mobile operating system that can be used on a variety of devices. One of the most popular uses for Android is as a mobile device operating system. Android can be used on phones, tablets, and other devices. One of the most important aspects of using Android is understanding how the file system works. The file system is the structure in which files are stored on your device. Files can be photos, videos, music, or any other type of file. When you first start using Android, you will need to create a folder on your device to store your files. You can do this by going to Settings > Storage and selecting “Create New Folder.” Once you have created the folder, you can start storing your files there. To access a file from within Android, you will need to use its pathname. The pathname for a file is made up of its filename and the location in which it resides on your device’s file system. For example, if you wanted to access the photo “myphoto.jpg” located in the myphoto folder inside the myfiles directory on your device’s storage drive, you would use its pathname as follows: myfile:///myphotos/myphoto.jpg ..
Android’s user-visible file system is one of its advantages over iOS. It allows you to more easily work with files, opening them in any app of your choice…as long as you know how.
Stock Android includes a pretty watered-down file manager by default. Some manufacturers do pre-install their own more powerful file managers on Android devices. In other cases, you may need a third-party app to really dig into the files on your phone. Here’s what you need to know.
How to Access Android’s Built-In File Manager
If you’re using a device with stock Android 6.x (Marshmallow) or newer, there’s a built-in file manager…it’s just hidden away in the Settings. Head to Settings > Storage > Other and you’ll have a full list of all the files and folders on your internal storage. (If you’d prefer this file manager be more easily accessible, the Marshmallow File Manager app will add it as an icon to your home screen.)
In Nougat, things are a little different. The file manager is part of the “Downloads” app, but is essentially the same thing. You can see certain types of files–like images, videos, music, and downloads–from the “Downloads” shortcut in your app drawer. If you want to see your phone’s full file system, though, you’ll still have to go through Settings > Storage > Other. It will open the Downloads app with a previously hidden view that lets you view every folder and file on yoru device.
But like I said, it’s pretty weak compared to some of the options available in Google Play. If you just want to browse files and perhaps move one or two things here and there, it gets the job done without the need for anything third-party, which is nice. If you’re looking for something more robust, however, off to the Play Store you go.
For More Powerful File Management, Install a File Manager App
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Manufacturers like Samsung and LG include more robust file managers, often named something simple like “My Files” or “Files.” However, there’s a good chance you may need to install your own file manager app–either your device won’t have one, or the included one may not be up to snuff. Fortunately, there’s a huge selection of file managers available in Google Play.
Solid Explorer is one of the most popular file managers on the Play Store, and it’s chock-full of powerful features like cloud account access and the ability to run two Solid windows side-by-side in landscape mode (on any device!). It’s also well-supported, receiving frequent updates with new features. Solid is free to try for two weeks, but after that you’ll have to cough up $1.99 to keep using it. It’s well worth the cost.
Understanding the File System Layout
Android’s file system layout isn’t identical to your PC’s. Here’s how it divides its storage:
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Device Storage: This is the pool of storage you’ll be working with and accessing. Your’e free to access and modify any files here. Think of it a bit like your user directory on Windows or home directory on Linux or Mac. As on desktop operating systems, many apps dump some data files here–not sensitive data like passwords and login credentials, but downloaded files and other cache items. Portable SD Card: Many Android devices also have SD card slots. You can plug the SD card into your computer or another device, load files onto it, and then plug it into your device (provided it’s formatted as portable storage and not internal storage). If you’re using a Marshmallow device and have your SD card formatted for use as internal storage, it won’t show up separately in your file manager–it will instead be part of your device storage. Device Root: Your Android device also has a special system filesystem where its operating system files, installed applications, and sensitive application data are stored. Most file manager apps can’t modify this file system for security reasons, unless you have root access, and a file manager capable of using it. You probably don’t need to do that, though.
Your device storage will include a number of folders created by Android. Some of these are created and used by apps for their cache files, so you shouldn’t mess with them or remove them. However, you can free up space by removing unnecessary files stored here.
Others are designed to store your personal files, though, and you should feel free to modify or delete files in them as necessary. These include:
DCIM: Photos you take are saved to this folder, just as they are on other digital cameras. Apps like Gallery and Photos display photos found here, but this is where the underlying image files are actually stored. Download: Files you download are saved here, although you’re free to move them elsewhere or delete them altogether. You can also view these files in the Downloads app. Movies, Music, Pictures, Ringtones, Video: These are folders designed for storage of your personal media files. When you connect your device to a computer, they give you an obvious place to put any music, video, or other files you want to copy to your Android device.
You can browse these folders from any file manager. A single tap on a file will bring up a list of installed apps that claim they support that file type. You can work with files directly, opening them in apps like you would on your computer.
How to Copy Files to or from a PC
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The process of copying files to or from a PC is easy. Just connect your Android device to a laptop or desktop computer using the appropriate USB cable—the one included with your device for charging will work. With the Android device in its default MTP mode (PTP is also available, and USB mass storage may be available on older devices), it will appear in your Windows or Linux file manager window as a standard device. (If it isn’t, you may need to tap the “Charging Only” notification and change it to MTP.) Then, on your PC, you can view and manage the files on your Android device’s internal storage, moving them back and forth as you please.
Macs don’t include MTP support, so you’ll want to install the Android File Transfer app on your Mac and use it to transfer files back and forth when you connect your device. The app will automatically open whenever you connect an Android device to your Mac.
If you have an SD card, you can remove the SD card from your Android device and insert it into an SD card slot into your computer to access the files–again, assuming you’re using it as “portable storage” and not formatted for internal use. The latter will not work on any device aside from the one it’s been formatted for use on.
For wireless file transfers, we like AirDroid. It allows you to connect to your Android device over Wi-Fi with just a web browser, moving files back and forth without the necessity of a cable. It will likely be a bit slower, but it can be a life-saver if you’re out and about and didn’t bring the appropriate USB cable. For transferring files from Android to your PC, Portal is also a quick and easy solution.
For simple tasks, a file manager isn’t really even necessary. Files you download are available for use directly in the Downloads app. Photos you take appear in the Photos or Gallery apps. Even media files you copy to your device–music, videos, and pictures–are automatically indexed by a process called “Mediaserver.” This process scans your internal storage or SD card for media files and notes their location, building up a library of media files that media players and other applications can use. However, while a user-visible file system isn’t necessarily for everyone, it’s still there for people who want it.
